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Working with processes:
ionice
ionice changes the disk priority of a given process.
A process may have one of three classes of ionice: Idle, Best Effort, or Real Time.  BE and RT may further be sliced up into priority 0-7.
me@locutus:~$ ionice -c3 /usr/lib/thunderbird-8.0/thunderbird-bin
me@locutus:~$ ps axl | head -n 1 ; ps axl | grep thunderbird | grep -v grep
F   UID   PID  PPID PRI  NI    VSZ   RSS WCHAN  STAT TTY        TIME COMMAND
0  1000  2779     1  20  10 2323372 1247792 poll_s Sl ?        65:17 /usr/lib/thunderbird-8.0/thunderbird-bin
me@locutus:~$ sudo ionice -p2779
idle
me@locutus:~$ sudo ionice -c2 -n0 -p2779 ; sudo ionice -p2779
best-effort: prio 0